An astronaut captured a striking image of the Korean Peninsula from the International Space Station, revealing the stark contrast in nighttime illumination between North and South Korea.
South Korea, with its brightly lit cities, including the sprawling Seoul metropolitan area, contrasts sharply with the near darkness of North Korea, aside from a few small clusters of light around Pyongyang and Yangdŏk. This photo highlights the differences in urban development and population between the two nations and reflects the broader economic disparities, with South Korea being one of Asia’s leading economies.
Nighttime Lights Over Korea
An astronaut aboard the International Space Station took this photo of the Korean Peninsula showing the distribution of nighttime light. North Korea (extending beyond the top of this image) lies on the upper part of the peninsula and is almost devoid of nighttime lights. In contrast, South Korea lies on the lower part of the peninsula and exhibits nightlights from many cities of different sizes. The seas on either side of the peninsula appear dark in nighttime images, although cloudy areas reflect some light.
The largest and brightest cluster of urban lights is in Seoul, the capital of South Korea (population 9.67 million), located on the coast of the Yellow Sea. Only two small clusters of lights are easily visible in North Korea: the capital, Pyongyang (population 3.16 million), and Yangdŏk in the country’s center.
The DMZ’s Light Line
Just north of Seoul, a thin line of lights crosses the peninsula from the Yellow Sea to the Sea of Japan, marking the demilitarized zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea. The DMZ border, established in 1953 by the United Nations, is about 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) wide and 250 kilometers (155 miles) long.
Economic Contrasts Revealed by City Lights
Differences in the brightness and expanse of city lights illustrate the distinction between the population sizes — South Korea with about 52 million people and North Korea with about 26 million — and between the extent of urban development in the two countries. Images of nighttime lights have also been used to study the gross domestic product (GDP). Because of its dynamic industrial growth since the 1960s, South Korea has been termed one of Asia’s four "economic tigers," along with Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.
Astronaut photograph ISS070-E-80670 was acquired on January 24, 2024, with a Nikon D5 digital camera using a focal length of 24 millimeters. The ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Johnson Space Center, provide it. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 70 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the most incredible value to scientists and the public and to make those images freely available on the Internet.
(Sep. 15, 2024)